The Fromelles Association is most grateful to Alf’s extended family for their support and input to this story.

Three of the five Ansell sons – Alf, Frank and Charles - enlisted to serve during the first World War. Only Charles returned home to Australia.

Alf and Frank led the way signing up in February 1915 but they only remained in the recruiting camp for a few weeks. Both were discharged for refusing inoculations for small pox and enteric fever.

Next off the mark was Charles, the youngest of the three, who enlisted in March 1915 aged just 18 years. He embarked with the 24th Battalion for Egypt and Gallipoli in May 1915.

Alf (28) and Frank (22) successfully re-enlisted in July 1915 just a few days apart. Frank chose to re-enlist in his hometown of Swan Hill but it seems that Alf felt the need to enlist in Kerang, some 60 kilometres away from Swan Hill – and also to register under a false name (his mother’s maiden name). Perhaps he had been knocked back on other occasions, not just when he refused inoculation, and feared that he may be knocked back again. Alf chose to use his mother’s maiden name (and his third Christian name); he also claimed to have been born in Deniliquin, New South Wales rather than his actual Swan Hill place of birth. Other details seem to be accurate, however, it is noted that his enlistment papers initially show his mother as next of kin but identify her as his aunt.

Alf was assigned to the 5th Pioneer Battalion while Frank was in the 2nd Australian Field Artillery Brigade. This story focuses on Alf as a part of the Fromelles story but we touch on the stories (as we know them) of Alf’s brothers to complete the family picture.

The daughter of English migrants, Emily Fitch, married Frank Ansell in 1885. Emily had a rough start beginning life on the Victorian goldfields and being made a ward of the state at the age of 3 (with her sister Jane, 7) when her mother died in 1867. In contrast, Frank was born in London and emigrated to Australia as a young man sometime in the 1870s or 1880s.

In 1886, the newly married Frank and Emily were both working at Tyrrell Downs station near Swan Hill – Emily was a cook. They later moved into Swan Hill where Frank had a butcher’s shop. They had eight children over the next 17 years, five boys and three girls, losing baby Alice in 1899; the rest survived to adulthood:

A private in the 9th reinforcements of the 5th Pioneer Battalion, Alf left Melbourne for Egypt on 10 September 1915. Alf’s records show little detail of his time in Egypt but we know that the Battalion undertook training around Mahsama and Ismailia, north east of Cairo and near the Suez canal. His record also shows that he was transferred briefly to the 57th Battalion in February but went back to the 5th Pioneers a month later. He also spent a fortnight in hospital in April 1916 but records do not show the reason for his stay.

The pioneer battalions were generally stationed very close to battle front lines and were trained as infantryman but were also tasked with light engineer functions. This included digging trenches, labouring, constructing strong points and light railways, and undertaking battlefield clearance. Accordingly, those assigned to the pioneers generally required construction and engineering experience in addition to basic soldiering skills.

On 19 June 1916, the 5th Pioneer Battalion was transported to Alexandria where they boarded the transport vessel Canada, bound for Marseille in France. They then travelled by train to Hazebrouck and encamped around Bae St Maur. As part of their introduction to the front line, they laid telephone cable and constructed railway lines. Their first major action came around Fromelles on 19 July 1916 where two companies were assigned to support the attack.

The Battalion’s commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel Herbert G. Carter, DSO, gave some insight to the pioneers’ view of preparations and the eventual attack at Fromelles in a series of letters home.

Lt-Col Carter’s first comments about arriving in France (letter dated 2 July 1916) show the change for the troops leaving Egypt and arriving in France. He refers to the 60 hours in the train and arriving in their billets:

On 9 July, he advised that they had moved closer up the line and had been gassed as part of training, going on to say:

And finally, in his letter dated 21 July 1916 he describes the Battle of Fromelles for the 5th pioneers in the following terms:

While not specific to Alf, these extracts give us some idea of the likely experience of Fromelles for Alf as a part of the pioneers.

We do not know definitively Alf’s personal experience of Fromelles although we can piece together some of his story from his AIF file, unit war diaries and evidence provided to the Red Cross.

According to the Red Cross file, Alf was a member of C company. The unit war diary records that, on the evening of 19 July, C company were assigned to help repair a badly damaged tramway but they could not complete the task due to heavy fire. From the evening of the 20th and over the next day, the 5th pioneers had parties out all day cleaning up the battlefield, completing salvage work and burying the dead. Entries in the unit diary has a gap between 21st and 24th July but notes that the battalion had been busy repairing trenches and parapets in different sectors of the front line and commented that “infantry not able to deal with large amount of work to be done”. With the heavy workload spread across numerous areas, it is not surprising that there was no clarity about the fate of just one soldier, our Private Alf Fitch.

Alf was officially reported as missing on 23 July 1916 although it is believed that he was actually missing directly as a result of the Battle of Fromelles on 19-20 July. His name appears on the German death list dated 4 November 1916 and his identity disc was handed to the Red Cross in Geneva and then onto the Allies.

Alf’s death at Fromelles is supported by evidence provided by 5th Pioneer Battalion colleagues to the Red Cross. 2720 Lance Sergeant John LYNCH made the following statement on 10 October 1917:

An earlier statement provided by Major Andrew J. Dwyer in November 1916 also indicated that Alf went over the parapet at Fromelles on the night of 19-20 July 1916 and was unaccounted for.

Eventually, in April 1917, an official court of enquiry found that Private Alf Fitch had been killed in action. The report nominated 23 July 1916 as his date of death but researchers believe it more likely that he was killed sometime on the night of 19-20 July 1916.

In late August 1916, Emily Ansell as next of kin received notification that her eldest son Alf was missing in action in France. Within days, she had further notification that her younger son, Charles, had been wounded in action and evacuated to England for treatment. Frank was also in action somewhere in France with the 2nd Field Artillery Brigade.

With spasmodic and very limited communication channels, the grief and worry for the family during these months must have been dreadful. In a postcard written to Charles in hospital in England in November 1916, Emily grieved for the loss of Alf, “I do wish he had never gone. God bless him wherever he is, my darling”.

On 30 March 1917, official news came that Alf was dead. It was reported in the local paper that:

Alf’s identity disc was sent from Germany via the Red Cross in June 1917 and eventually returned to the family, the only personal effects the family received. No grave for Alf was ever identified but his name is recorded on the Villers-Bretonneux memorial in France.

The three Ansell brothers served in three different battalions – Alf in 5th Pioneers, Charles in 24th and Frank in 2nd Field Artillery – and it is unclear whether they had any opportunities to catch up whilst on service overseas. The brothers had a brief overlapping period when all three were in Egypt; this was from January to March 1916 and it is hoped they were able to make some contact. Charles had left Egypt for France in March while Alf and Frank left separately for Marseille in June 1916.

Charles embarked from Australia in early May 1915 to Egypt where training shortfalls were made up during July and August. On 4 September 1915, the 24th Battalion went ashore at Gallipoli where, according to the AWM, it spent the next 16 weeks sharing duty in the Lone Pine trenches with the 23rd Battalion. The fighting at Lone Pine was so dangerous and exhausting that battalions rotated every day. They evacuated to Egypt in December 1915.

Young Charles was probably a good example of the survivors of the warfare from Gallipoli to France. Having joined up as an 18-year-old with a lot of get up and go, he was soon promoted to Lance Corporal and then corporal - more than once - as he was also demoted back to the ranks - more than once!

By late March 1916, Charles was in France. In fact, he was at Fleurbaix (Fromelles) in April 1916 where his older brother was destined to meet his fate. It was at Fleurbaix that Charles was promoted to Lance Corporal on 29 April 1916, a promotion that was back-dated to 18 March 1916.

The 24th Battalion was not involved in the Battle of Fromelles but was engaged elsewhere on the Somme. It was in July and August 1916 that the 24th took part in its first major offensive around Pozieres and Mouquet Farm. It was here that Charles was first wounded in action receiving a shoulder wound serious enough to be evacuated to England. Charles spent more than a year in hospital or at the Australian command base at Perham Downs.

In October 1917, Charles returned to France. He was wounded by a gas shell on 30 March 1918 and his AIF file contains six pages of casualty reports, many treated in field hospitals. He was promoted to corporal in September 1918 and, in December, he returned to Australia. On discharge, Charles returned to his pre-war occupation as a boot maker. He married in 1921 and raised a family before his death in 1963, aged 66.

Frank was a 22-year-old labourer when he enlisted on 14th July 1915. He sailed for Egypt on 5 January 1916 with the 2nd Field Artillery Brigade landing in Cairo and then moving on to France in June. From there, he undertook gas school training in August. In February 1917, Frank joined the 3rd Army Field Artillery Brigade and in April 1918 was promoted to Bombardier. Sadly, he was to die in action on 8 August 1918 aged 25.

On the evening prior to Frank’s death - 7 August 1918 - Gunner James R. Armitage lay in readiness for the attack the next day. In his diary, he wrote:

By the end of August 8, 1916—dubbed “the black day of the German army” by Ludendorff—the Allies had penetrated German lines around the Somme with a gap some 15 miles long and the German had suffered 27, 000 casualties, including 12,000 who had surrendered to the enemy. On the morning of that same day, 25-year-old Bombardier Frank Ansell was killed by a shell.

Unlike events two years earlier when Alf was killed, the Ansell family were advised promptly of the details of his death and also where he was buried. The local newspaper reported on two letters sent to his family soon after his death, one from the chaplain and one from Frank’s section commander.

In his letter dated 18 August 1918 , the chaplain, Edwin B. Bond, conveyed his sympathies and advised that Frank suffered no pain and was killed with another soldier when “a shell struck the tail of a gun he was arming”. He went on to advise that he immediately arranged for the burial of the two comrades side by side in the French cemetery at Vaire-Sous-Corbie, a village on the south bank of the Somme, 12 miles east of Amiens:

On 22 August, Lieutenant Roy Cocks, section commander in 8th Battery, wrote to advise Frank’s father:

What a contrast for the family between the loss of Frank and Alf two years apart. The names of both brothers are commemorated on the Swan Hill Memorial in Victoria.

# 138 Corporal Charles Richard ANSELL

NAA: B2455, ANSELL, Charles Richard - First AIF Personnel Dossiers, 1914-1920

UNSW: The AIF Project - 138 Charles Richard ANSELL

# 10314 Bombardier Frank ANSELL

NAA: B2455, ANSELL Frank - First AIF Personnel Dossiers, 1914-1920

NAA: MT1486/1 ANSELL, Frank - Applications to enlist in the AIF

UNSW: The AIF Project - 10314 Frank ANSELL

AWM131 17: Roll of Honor Circulars, 1914-18 War - 10314 Frank ANSELL